The most common problem affecting gums and teeth for people with diabetes is gum disease. But diabetes also makes you prone to other mouth problems.
Oral infections
An oral infection is a cluster of germs causing problems in an area of your mouth. Here are some warning signs:
- Swelling and/or pus around your teeth or gums or any place in your mouth. Swelling can be large, or as small as a pimple.
- Pain in the mouth or sinus area that doesn’t go away.
- White or red patches on your gums, tongue, cheeks or the roof of your mouth.
- Pain when chewing.
- Teeth that hurt when you eat something cold, hot or sweet, or when you chew.
- Dark spots or holes on your teeth.
Infections can make your blood glucose hard to control. Making a plan of action with your dentist and doctor or diabetes nurse will prepare you for any adjustments you might need to make.
Fungal infections
Diabetes makes you more prone to fungal infections such as thrush. If you tend to have high blood glucose levels or if you take antibiotics often, you are even more likely to have this problem. Thrush makes white (or sometimes red) patches in areas of your mouth. These can get sore or turn into ulcers.
Thrush likes moist spots that may be chafed or sore, for example, under poorly fitting dentures (false teeth). Smoking and wearing dentures all day and night can increase the risk of thrush. Stopping smoking and limiting how long you wear dentures can reduce the risk of getting thrush. If you think you have thrush, talk to your dentist or doctor.
Poor healing. If your diabetes is poorly controlled, you heal more slowly and your chance of getting an infection after dental surgery is increased. To give yourself the best shot at healing well, keep your blood glucose under control before, during and after surgery.
Dry mouth
Some people with diabetes complain of dry mouth. High blood glucose can cause you to have a dry mouth. Some medicines can cause your mouth to be dry. Having a dry mouth can increase your risk of cavities because there’s less saliva to wash away germs and take care of the acids they create. Dry mouth can sometimes lead to other problems, such as salivary gland infections.
If you have a dry mouth, try drinking more fluids. You can also try chewing sugar-free chewing gum to help keep the saliva flowing.